Hospital Governance and Legal Compliance in Indonesia: A Review of Accreditation Standards, Licensing Requirements, and Risk Management Obligations

Abstract

Introduction: Hospitals, as healthcare institutions, hold a strategic position and face high levels of legal risk. The complexity of regulations in Indonesia demands the implementation of effective and legally compliant hospital governance, particularly in the areas of accreditation, operational licensing, and risk management. Non-compliance with these provisions has the potential to lead to administrative sanctions, legal disputes, and a decline in the quality and safety of healthcare services.

Methods: This study employed a narrative literature review, examining laws and regulations, government policies, accreditation guidelines, and national and international journal articles relevant to hospital governance and legal compliance. The literature search was conducted through scientific databases and official government sources, with inclusion criteria emphasizing relevance to the Indonesian context and the academic quality of the sources.

Results: The review indicates that the legal framework for hospital governance in Indonesia is built on three main pillars: accreditation as an instrument for improving patient quality and safety, licensing as operational legitimacy and state control, and risk management as a mechanism for preventing legal violations. The application of corporate governance and clinical governance principles is key to integrating legal compliance into managerial and clinical practices. However, implementation challenges remain, including inconsistent compliance, limited resources, and weak risk management integration.

Conclusion: Legally compliant hospital governance requires a comprehensive and sustainable approach that integrates accreditation, licensing, and risk management.