Kesadaran Hukum dalam Pelayanan Rumah Sakit: Relevansi Asas Keseimbangan dalam Hukum Kesehatan Indonesia

Abstract

Background: The principle of balance constitutes a fundamental concept in health law, emphasizing the importance of ensuring equality between patients’ rights and the obligations of hospitals and medical personnel. This principle serves as a legal foundation to guarantee fair and accountable legal protection in healthcare services. However, its implementation in Indonesia continues to face various challenges, both from normative and operational perspectives.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the application of the principle of balance in healthcare service practices at Wangaya General Hospital and to examine the level of legal awareness among healthcare professionals as a determining factor for its successful implementation.

Methods: This research employed a juridical-empirical approach, involving an analysis of statutory provisions, legal literature, and relevant institutional policy documents. Data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively to assess the alignment between legal norms and their implementation within healthcare institutions.

Results: The study revealed that the application of the principle of balance has not yet been fully optimized. The main obstacles include limited legal awareness among medical personnel regarding their juridical responsibilities, the absence of an active internal legal unit, and unequal fulfillment of patients’ rights in clinical practice. Such gaps have the potential to trigger legal disputes and diminish public trust in healthcare institutions.

Conclusion: Systemic efforts are required in the form of institutional reform, clinical legal training for medical personnel, and the formulation of legally grounded standard operating procedures (SOPs) to support the internalization of the balance principle. These strategies are essential to establish a healthcare system that is fair, transparent, and accountable within the framework of a rule-of-law state.

Latar belakang: Asas keseimbangan merupakan prinsip fundamental dalam hukum kesehatan yang menekankan pentingnya kesetaraan antara hak pasien dan kewajiban rumah sakit serta tenaga medis. Prinsip ini menjadi landasan yuridis dalam menjamin perlindungan hukum yang adil dan akuntabel dalam pelayanan kesehatan. Namun, penerapannya di Indonesia masih menghadapi berbagai hambatan, baik dari sisi normatif maupun operasional.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penerapan asas keseimbangan dalam praktik pelayanan Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Wangaya serta mengkaji tingkat kesadaran hukum tenaga kesehatan sebagai faktor penentu keberhasilannya.

Metode: Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis-empiris dengan analisis terhadap ketentuan perundang-undangan, literatur hukum, serta dokumen kebijakan kelembagaan yang relevan. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif-kualitatif untuk menilai kesesuaian antara norma hukum dan implementasinya di tingkat institusi kesehatan.

Hasil: Studi ini menemukan bahwa penerapan asas keseimbangan belum berjalan secara optimal. Hambatan utama meliputi rendahnya pemahaman hukum tenaga medis terhadap tanggung jawab yuridis, belum tersedianya unit hukum internal yang aktif, serta tidak meratanya pemenuhan hak pasien dalam praktik klinis. Kesenjangan ini berpotensi memicu konflik hukum dan menurunkan kepercayaan publik terhadap institusi pelayanan kesehatan.

Kesimpulan: Diperlukan upaya sistemik berupa reformasi kelembagaan, pelatihan hukum klinis bagi tenaga medis, serta penyusunan SOP berbasis hukum yang mendukung internalisasi asas keseimbangan. Strategi ini penting untuk membentuk sistem pelayanan kesehatan yang adil, transparan, dan akuntabel dalam kerangka negara hukum.